OSHA Stairs vs. IBC Stairs: Understanding the Differences

When it comes to stairway design in commercial and industrial settings, compliance with safety standards is a top priority. Two of the most referenced standards in the United States are those set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the International Building Code (IBC). Though both aim to ensure safe stair construction, they have distinct requirements tailored for different environments. This article will explore the key differences between OSHA stairs and IBC stairs, helping designers, architects, and safety professionals determine the right choice for their projects.

What Are OSHA Stairs?

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) stairs are designed primarily for industrial and workplace environments. Their requirements focus on safety for employees who frequently use these stairs in factories, warehouses, and construction sites.

Key OSHA Stair Requirements:

• Minimum Tread Depth: 9 inches

• Maximum Riser Height: 9.5 inches

• Minimum Stairway Width: 22 inches

• Angle of Incline: Between 30 and 50 degrees

• Handrails: Required on at least one side if the stairs are less than 44 inches wide, and on both sides if wider

• Load Capacity: Must support at least five times the intended load, with a minimum of 1,000 pounds

OSHA stairs are generally steeper and narrower than their IBC counterparts, making them more space-efficient in industrial settings but potentially less comfortable for frequent pedestrian use.

What Are IBC Stairs?

The International Building Code (IBC) sets standards for stairs in commercial, residential, and public buildings. These stairs are designed for higher traffic and greater accessibility, ensuring usability for a broad range of people, including individuals with disabilities.

Key IBC Stair Requirements:

• Minimum Tread Depth: 11 inches

• Maximum Riser Height: 7 inches

• Minimum Stairway Width: 44 inches (or 36 inches in some cases)

• Angle of Incline: Generally between 30 and 37 degrees

• Handrails: Required on both sides of stairs

• Load Capacity: Designed for public use and must meet structural loading requirements for commercial buildings

IBC stairs prioritize comfort and accessibility, making them better suited for offices, schools, and public spaces where frequent and diverse foot traffic occurs.

Comparing OSHA and IBC Stairs

Feature	OSHA Stairs	IBC Stairs
Tread Depth	9 inches	11 inches
Riser Height	9.5 inches	7 inches
Stair Width	22 inches	36–44 inches
Incline	30°–50°	30°–37°
Handrails	At least one side if under 44 inches; both sides if wider	Both sides required
Load Capacity	1,000 lbs minimum	Public use standards

Which One Should You Use?

The choice between OSHA and IBC stairs depends on the building type and intended use:

• For Industrial Settings (factories, warehouses, maintenance areas): OSHA stairs are the right choice due to their space efficiency and workplace-specific design.

• For Commercial and Public Buildings (offices, retail stores, schools, apartments): IBC stairs provide better accessibility, comfort, and compliance with public safety regulations.

• For Mixed-Use Spaces: Consult both OSHA and IBC requirements to ensure compliance with workplace safety and public accessibility regulations.

Both OSHA and IBC stairs serve essential safety roles, but their designs cater to different environments. Ensuring compliance with the appropriate standards not only avoids legal issues but also promotes safety and usability. Before beginning a stairway project, carefully assess the requirements for your specific setting to make the best choice for safety and functionality.